考研的,请进!(2)

[43509] 主题：考研的,请进!(2)

	作者： (antinursebody)
	标题：考研的,请进!(2)[转载]
	来自： 218.79..
	发贴时间： 2003年03月17日 12:56:08 (UTC +08:00)
	长度： 6326字

	阅读理解每天一练(2) Passage 2 　　Many critics of the current welfare system argue that existing welfare regulations f oster family instability.They maintain that those regulations,which exclude most poor husband?and?wife families from Aid to Families with Dependent Children assistance gran ts,contribute to the problem of family dissolution.Thus,they conclude that expanding t he set of families eligible for family assistance plans or guaranteed income measures wou ld result in a marked strengthening of the low?income family structure. If all poor famili es could receive welfare,would the incidence of instability change markedly? The unhapp ily married couple,in most cases,remain together out of a sense of economic responsibili ty for their children,because of the high costs of separation,or because of the consumpti on benefits of marriage.The formation,maintenance,and dissolution of the family is in l arge part a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage as s een by the individual members of the marriage.The major benefit generated by the creation of a family is the expansion of the set of consumption possibilities.The benefits from such a partnership depend largely on the relative dissimilarity of the reso urces or basic endowments each partner brings to the marriage.Persons with similar produ ctive capacities have less economic “cement” holding their marriage together.Since t he family performs certain functions society regards as vital,a complex network of socia l and legal buttresses has evolved to reinforce marriage.Much of the variation in marital stability across income classes can be explained by the variation in costs of dissolution imposed by society,e.g. division of property,alimony,child support,and the social stigma attached to divorce. 　　Martial stability is related to the costs of achieving an acceptable agree ment on fam ily consumption and production and to the prevailing social price of instability in the ma rriage partners? social?economic group.Expected AFDC income exerts pressures on famil y instability by reducing the cost of dissolution.To the extent that welfare is a form of go vernmentsubsidized alimony payments,it reduces the institutional costs of separation and guarantees a minimal standard of living for wife and children.So welfare opportuniti es are a significant determinant of family instability in poor neighborhoods,but this is not the resul t of AFDC regulations that exclude most intact families from coverage.Rathe r,welfare?related instability occurs because public assistance lowers both the benefi ts of marriage and the costs of its disruption by providing a system of gover nment?subsidi zed alimony payments. 　　1.Some criticize the current welfare regulations because ____. 　　A) those regulations encourage family dissolution 　　B) the low?income families are not given enough the family assistance grants 　　C) they expand the set of families eligible for family assistance 　　　　D) the guaranteed income measures are increased 　　2.According to this passage,family stability depends on ____. 　　A) the couple?s earning ability 　　B) the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage 　　　　C) how much possessions the couple have before marriage 　　D) a network of social and legal support 　　3.All of the following are mentioned by the author as factors tending to 　　perpetuate a marriage EXCEPT ____. 　　A) the stigma attached to divorce 　　B) the social class of the partners 　　C) the cost of alimony and child support 　　D) the loss of property upon divorce 　　4.The author argues that ____. 　　A) the agreement between couples reinforce martial stability 　　B) expected AFDC income helps to strengthen family stability 　　C) AFDC regulations are to blame for family instability 　　D) public assistance upsets the balance between benefit and cost of marriage 　　5.The tone of the passage can best be described as ____. 　　A) confident and optimistic 　　B) scientific and detached 　　C) discouraged and alarmed 　　D) polite and sensitive 　　语言注释　　Passage 4 　　1.The unhappily married couple,in most cases,remain together out of a sense o 　　f economic responsibility for their children,because of the high costs of separ 　　ation,or because of the consumption benefits of marriage.大多数情况下，不幸的　　夫妇选择生活在一起是出于对孩子的经济责任感。这或许是因为离异所付出的昂贵代价，或　　许是因为婚姻所带来的消费利益。　　2.The formation,maintenance,and dissolution of the family is in large par 　　　　t a function of the relative balance between the benefits and costs of marriage 　　　　as seen by the individual members of the marriage.家庭的形成、维持和解体在很大程　　　　度上取决于夫妇双方对婚姻所带来的收益与婚姻成本之间的相对平衡。　　3.endowment n.财产　　4.Persons with similar productive capacities have less economic “cement” hold 　　ing their marriage together.在这里作者指出，如果夫妻双方经济实力相当，那么维系　　家庭的经济因素就十分脆弱。cement原意为“水泥”，此处引申为“维系家庭的力量”。　　　　5.alimony n.(离婚后男方给女方的)生活费；赡养费　　6.stigma n.耻辱　　答案解析　　Passage 4 　　1.A 　　本题是主旨题。第一段中作者引述了人们对现行福利制度的批评――破坏了家庭的稳定　　性。选项B与文中现行福利制度将众多贫困家庭排除在保护之外(…exclude most poo r hus 　　band?and?wife families from…)的观点相矛盾。而C、D是为解决这一问题而提出的解　　决方案。故正确答案为A。　　2.B 　　第二段中作者对现行福利制度促使更多家庭解体这一观点提出了质疑，并表明自己的观　　点：家庭稳定与否取决于维持婚姻现状所涉及的利益和成本。故B为正确答案。　　3.B 　　本题为细节题，要求考生理解文中具体信息，全面归纳相关事实。文中第二段末尾谈到　　巩固婚姻关系的因素。由此可知正确答案为B。　　4.D 　　本题要求考生准确把握作者的观点。文章第三段中，作者对前面两段的论述进行总结，　　并指出造成家庭不稳定的真正原因所在，即家庭的解体并非由于现行福利制度将低收入家庭　　拒之门外，而是由于政府补助不仅降低了婚姻所带来的好处，而且降低了婚姻解体的成本。　　故D为正确答案。　　5.B 　　本题要求考生理解作者的态度。文中作者科学而又客观地(scientific and detached 　　)分析了造成家庭解体的诸多因素。
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