只要设成小五,分栏即可
No 8. 1
Section 3
Many artists believe that successful imitation, far from being symptomatic of a
lack of____, is the first step in learning to be creative.
elegance
resolution
goodness
originality
sympathy
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
imitation: n.1.模仿,仿效 2.仿制(造),伪造 3.像,类似
far from: prep.1.远离 2.远远不,安全不,非旦不
symptomatic: a.1.作为征候(或征兆)的,表明的 2.症状的
resolution: n.1.决心,决意 2.(大会通过的)正式决议 3.裁决 4.分解,解析解决
originality: n.独创性,新颖,别致
许多艺术家坚信,成功的模仿远非标示着独创性的缺乏,相反,它是人们学习具备创造性的
第一个步骤。
As serious as she is about the bullfight, she does not allow respect to____her s
ense of whimsy when painting it.
inspire
provoke
suppress
attack
satisfy
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
as + 形容词(或副词)+ as + 句子: 此乃让步状语句式,表示“虽然”或“尽管”之意
,而两个“as”中的第一个亦可以省略
bullfight: n.斗牛(戏)
whimsy: n.1.怪念头,离奇的想法,异想天开 2.心血来潮,随心所欲
inspire: v.1.鼓舞,激动 2.激起,唤起,使(某人)产生(某种情感) 3.驱使,促
使 4.引起,促成
provoke: v.1.挑衅,激怒,煽动 2.激起,惹 3.导致
suppress: v.压制,禁止,查禁
尽管她将斗牛一事看得十分严肃认真,但在用绘画形式表现它时,她并没有让肃然敬意遏制
她的奇思异想。
No one is____about Stephens; he inspires either uncritical adulation or profound
____in those who work for him.
neutral.. antipathy
infuriated.. aversion
worried.. anxiety
enthusiastic.. veneration
apprehensive.. consternation
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
uncritical: a.不加批判的,不作批评的,无批评力的,不加鉴别的
adulation: n.过分的称赞(或敬仰),诌媚
neutral: a.1.中立的 2.不确定的,模糊的 3.非彩色的
antipathy: n.反感,厌恶
infuriated: a.激怒的,十分生气的
aversion: n.厌恶,反感
veneration: n.敬重,崇敬
apprehensive: a.1.忧虑的,担心的,疑惧的(of) 2.善于领会的,能理解的
consternation: n.惊恐,惊愕
没有人对斯蒂芬斯持中立态度,他在那些为他工作的人的心目中所激发起的,要么是不加鉴
别的阿谀奉承,要么是极度的厌恶反感。
Before about 1960, virtually all accounts of evolution assumed most adaptation t
o be a product of selection at the level of populations; recent studies of evolu
tion, however, have found no____this____view of selection.
departures from... controversial
basis for.. pervasive
bias toward.. unchallenged
precursors of.. innovative
criticisms of.. renowned
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
virtually: adv.实际上,事实上,差不多
account: n.1.记述,描述,报道 2.解释 3.理由,根据
assume: v.1.假定(设),臆断 2.承担,担任,就(职) 3.呈现,具有,采取
pervasive: a.1.到处弥漫的,渗透的 2.普遍的,流行的
bias: n.1.(织物的)斜纹 2.偏见,偏心,偏袒 3.倾向,趋势,爱好
unchallenged: a.未受挑战的,未引起质疑的,无异议的,毫无疑问的
precursor: n.1.先驱(锋) 2.前兆,先兆 3.前辈,前身
约在1960年之前,几乎所有关于生物进化的解释都假设,绝大多数的适应行为乃是在种群这
个层面上进行选择淘汰所致的结果;但是,生物进化的近期研究却发现,这种普遍盛行的选
择淘汰观点不具任何依据。
The new biological psychiatry does not deny the contributing role of psychologic
al factors in mental illnesses, but posits that these factors may act as a catal
yst on existing physiological conditions and____such illnesses.
disguise
impede
constrain
precipitate
consummate
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
psychiatry: n.精神病治疗,精神病学
contributing: a.有助的,促成的
psychological: a.1.心理学的,心理学家的 2.心理的,精神的
mental illness: n.精神病
posit: v.假设,假定,设想
act as: v.扮演,担当
catalyst: n.1.催化剂 2.刺激(或促进)因素
existing: a.存在的,实有的,目前的,现行的
physiological: a.1.生理学的 2.生理的,生理机能的,生理上正常的
disguise: v.1.假扮,化装 2.伪装 3.掩盖,掩饰
impede: v.防碍,阻止
constrain: v.1.强迫,迫使 2.限制,约束,抑制
precipitate: v.1.使突如其来地发生,促使…加快 2.使陡然下降或跌落
consummate: v.1.完成,实现 2.使完美无缺,使完美
全新的生物精神病学并不否定心理因素在诱发精神病过程中的推波助澜作用,相反,这一理
论假设,这类因素有可能对现存的生理状况起到一种“催化剂”的作用,从而促使这些疾病
加速发展。
During periods of social and cultural stability, many art academies are so firml
y controlled by ____that all real creative work must be done by the____.
dogmatists.. disenfranchised
managers.. reactionaries
reformers.. dissatisfied
imposters.. academicians
specialists.. elite
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
dogmatist: n.教条主义者,武断者
disenfranchise: v.剥夺…的公民权(选举权),剥夺…的权利,终止…的特许权
reactionary: n.反动分子,极端保守主义,反动派者
imposter: n.冒名顶替者,江湖骗子
academician: n.1.院士 2.墨守成规的学究 3.学者
specialist: n.1.专家 2.专科医生
elite: n.1.出类拔萃的人物,精英 2.(总称)上层掌权人物,实力集团
在社会与文化的稳定时期,许多艺术学府被如此牢固地控制在教条主义者手中,以致于所
有真正具有创造性的作品只能由那些遭贬黜者来完成。
The First World War began in a context of jargon and verbal delicacy and continu
ed in a cloud of____as____as language and literature, skillfully used, could mak
e it.
circumlocution.. literal
cliche.. lucid
euphemism.. impenetrable
particularity.. deliberate
subjectivity.. enthralling
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
jargon: n.1.胡言乱语,莫名奇妙的话 2.行话
verbal: a.1.用言辞的,文字上 2.口头的,非书面 3.一字不差的,逐字的
delicacy: 1.雅致,细微 2.微妙,棘手
circumlocution: n.迂回说法,累赘的话,遁辞
literal: a.1.照字面的,原义的 2.讲究实际的,刻板的 3.如实的,不夸张的
cliche: n.陈词滥用,陈腐的思想或主题
lucid: a.1.明晰的 2.神志清明的 3.清澈透明的
euphemism: n.委婉说法,委婉语
impenetrable: a.1.穿不透的 2.费解的,难以探测的 3.冥顽不化的
particularity: n.1.特殊性,特征 2.个性,癖性 3.详细,详尽,精细
deliberate: a.1.慎重的,深思熟虑的 2.敌意的,蓄意的 3.审慎的,谨慎的 4.从容
的,悠闲的
subjectivity: n.主观,主观性
enthralling: a.迷人的,吸引人的
第一次世界大战始于一片闪烁其辞、隐约晦涩的言语,并在委婉语的雾霭中继续进行,其
费解难懂的程度,唯有大事雕琢的语言和文献方能将其发挥到淋漓尽致的地步。
THERMOMETER: TEMPERATURE::
plane: thickness
wrench: torque
camera: exposure
compass: direction
grindstone: sharpness
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
温度计:温度
刨子(平面):厚度
扳手(猛扭):转矩
照相机:曝光
指南针:方向
磨刀石:锋利
FOOLPROOF: FAIL::
translucent: filter
viscous: smear
volatile: explode
airtight: leak
taut: break
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
错不了的(易懂的):失败
半透明的:过滤,渗透
粘的:弄脏,玷污(油渍,污点n.)
易挥发的(反复无常的):爆炸
密封的:漏
拉紧的,绷紧的:破裂
SUFFOCATE: OXYGEN::
restrict: supplies
rob: money
inhibit: drivers
imprison: freedom
starve: nutrients
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
窒息:氧气
限制:供应
抢劫:金钱
抑制:动力,冲动
监禁:自由
饿死:养份,食物
ORCHESTRA: MUSIC::
vocalist: song
poet: anthology
actor: cues
choreographer: ballet
troupe: drama
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
管弦乐队:音乐
歌唱家:歌曲
诗人:诗集(文选)
男演员:提示性台词(暗示)
舞蹈动作设计者:芭蕾
剧团:戏剧
BIRD: SNARE::
lion: den
fish: seine
lamb: shears
scorpion: sting
lobster: claw
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
鸟:罗网(圈套)
狮:兽穴
鱼:网
羊羔:大剪刀
蝎子:蜇刺
龙虾:螯
RESOLUTENESS: WILL::
zeal: conviction
honor: restitution
esteem: adoration
anguish: hesitation
sorrow: compassion
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
果断:意志
热情,热心:确信(定罪)
荣誉:赔偿(复职,归还)
尊敬:崇敬,仰慕
痛苦:犹豫
悲伤:同情
MILLER: GRAIN::
carpenter: awl
forger: furnace
tanner: hide
vintner: wine
mason: cement
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
磨房主:谷物
木匠:尖钻
锻造者(伪造者):火炉
鞣革工人:生皮
酒商:葡萄酒
石匠:水泥
DIDACTIC: INSTRUCT::
pedantic: contend
comic: amuse
theatrical: applaud
imperative: obey
rhetorical: recite
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
说教的,教诲的:教导,指示
迂腐的(卖弄学问的):争辩
喜剧的,滑稽的:使愉悦
戏剧的(造作的):鼓掌(赞扬)
必须的,命令的:遵守,服从
修辞的(文风华丽的):背诵
GARRULOUS: TALKATIVE::
suspicious: unreliable
cantankerous: obtuse
cloying: sweet
reflective: insightful
prudent: indecisive
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
喋喋不休的:爱说话的
可疑的(多疑的):不可靠的
脾气暴躁的:愚钝的(不锐利的)
甜得发腻的:甜的
思考的(反射的):有洞察力的
谨慎的:不果断的
Geologists have long known that the
Earth's mantle is heterogeneous, but its
spatial arrangement remains unresolved―
is the mantle essentially layered or
(5) irregularly heterogeneous? The best
evidence for the layered-mantle thesis
is the well-established fact that
volcanic rocks found on oceanic islands,
islands believed to result from mantle
(10) plumes arising from the lower mantle,
are composed of material fundamentally
different from that of the midocean
ridge system, whose source, most
geologists contend, is the upper mantle.
(15) Some geologists, however, on the basis
of observations concerning mantle
xenoliths, argue that the mantle is
not layered, but that heterogeneity is
created by fluids rich in "incompatible
(20) elements" (elements tending toward
liquid rather than solid state)
percolating upward and transforming
portions of the upper mantle
irregularly, according to the vagaries
(25) of the fluids' pathways. We believe,
perhaps unimaginatively, that this
debate can be resolved through further
study, and that the underexplored
midocean ridge system is the key.
地质学家长期以来已知,地球的地幔(mantle)是异质构成的,而其空间构成则一直悬而
未决――究竟地幔本质上是分层排列的呢,抑或是以不规则的方式异质构成的呢?对于地幔
分层论点来说,最好的证据乃这样一个确认的事实,即在那些海洋岛屿――这些岛屿据信是
源于由下层地幔升上来的地幔柱状溶岩流(mantle plume)――上发现的火山岩石,是由与
海洋中部山脊系统的物质根本不同的物质构成的,而这一海洋中部山脊系统的成因,大多数
地质学家论辩道,为上部地幔。
但是,某些地质学家,以对地幔捕虏岩体(xenolith)所作的观察为依据,指出地幔并
非是分层排列的,相反,地幔的异质性是由那些富含“不相容成分”的流质构成的,这些成
分趋向于流体而非固体的状态,自下而上渗透扩散,并依照这些流质流向的任意性,不规则
地将上部地幔的某些部分予以改变。我们相信――或许这样做有失想象力――这一争论可通
过进一步的研究而得以解决,而尚未充分探索的海洋中部山脊系统乃关键所在。
Many literary detectives have pored
over a great puzzle concerning the
writer Marcel Proust: what happened in
1909? How did Contre Saint-Beuve, an
(5) essay attacking the methods of the
critic Saint-Beuve, turn into the start
of the novel Remembrance of Things
Past? A recently published letter from
Proust to the editor Vallette confirms
(10) that Fallois, the editor of the 1954
edition of Contre Saint-Beuve, made an
essentially correct guess about the
relationship of the essay to the novel.
Fallois proposed that Proust had tried
(15) to begin a novel in 1908, abandoned it
for what was to be a long demonstration
of Saint-Beuve's blindness to the real
nature of great writing, found the essay
giving rise to personal memories and
(20) fictional developments, and allowed
these to take over in a steadily
developing novel.
Draft passages in Proust's 1909
notebooks indicate that the transition
(25) from essay to novel began in Contre
Saint-Beuve, when Proust introduced
several examples to show the powerful
influence that involuntary memory
exerts over the creative imagination. In
(30) effect, in trying to demonstrate that
the imagination is more profound and
less submissive to the intellect than
Saint-Beuve assumed, Proust elicited
vital memories of his own and, finding
(35) subtle connections between them, began
to amass the material for Remembrance.
By August, Proust was writing to
Vallette, informing him of his intention to
develop the material as a novel.Maurice
(40) Bardeche, in Marcel Proust, romancier,
has shown the importance in the drafts
of Remembrance of spontaneous and
apparently random associations of
Proust's subconscious. As incidents
(45) and reflections occurred to Proust, he
continually inserted new passages
altering and expanding his narrative.
But he found it difficult to control
the drift of his inspiration. The
(50) very richness and complexity of the
meaningful relationships that kept
presenting and rearranging themselves
on all levels, from abstract intelligence
to profound dreamy feelings, made it
(55) difficult for Proust to set them out
coherently. The beginning of control
came when he saw how to connect the
beginning and the end of his novel.
Intrigued by Proust's claim that he had
(60) "begun and finished" Remembrance at
the same time, Henri Bonne: discovered
that parts of Remembrance's last book
were actually started in 1909. Already
in that year, Proust had drafted
(65) descriptions of his novel's characters
in their old age that would appear in
the final book of Remembrance, where
the permanence of art is set against the
ravages of time. The letter to Vallette,
(70) drafts of the essay and novel, and
Bonnet's researches establish in broad
outline the process by which Proust
generated his novel out of the ruins
of his essay. But those of us who
(75) hoped, with Kolb, that Kolb's newly
published complete edition of Proust's
correspondence for 1909 would docu-
ment the process in greater detail are
disappointed. For until Proust was
(80) confident that he was at last in sight
of a viable structure for Remembrance,
he told few correspondents that he was
producing anything more ambitious than
Contre Saint-Beuve.
许多文学考据家绞尽脑汁地思考着一个涉及马塞尔•普鲁斯特(Marcel Prou
st)这位作家的一个巨大的不解之谜:1909年究竟发生了什么?《驳圣伯夫》(Contre Sai
nt-Beuve)一文――一篇抨击批评家圣伯夫批评方法的论文――是如何转变成为小说《追忆
似水年华》(Remembrance of Things Past)的开端?一封近期出版的由普鲁斯特致编辑瓦
莱特(Vallette)的信函证实了法卢瓦(Fallois),这位《驳圣伯夫》1954年版的编辑,
就论文与小说之间的关系作出了一种本质上正确的猜测。法卢瓦提出,普鲁斯特曾试图于19
08年开始写一部小说,后又因为某一原因――即圣伯夫长期以来所展现出的对伟大文学作品
真正本质的盲目无知――而放弃了它,发现该率文引发了某些个回忆和小说虚构情节的发展
,最终让这些内容以一部稳定发展的小说这一形式取而代之。
普鲁斯特1909年笔记本中的草稿段落表明,由论文向小说的转折始于《驳圣伯夫》一文
,当时,普鲁斯特援引了一些实例用以例证不由自主的记忆对创作想象力所产生的强有力的
影响。事实上,为了试图证明想象力要比圣伯夫所假设的来得更为深刻,且并非那么易于屈
服于理性,普鲁斯特引发了他自己的至关重要的记忆,发现它们之间不无微妙的联系,便开
始为《似水年华》收集材料。至八月,普鲁斯特致函给瓦莱特,告知瓦莱特,他意欲将所收
集到的材料扩充成为一部小说。莫里斯• 巴代什(MauriceBardeche)在《马塞
尔•普鲁斯特――小说家》(Marcel Proust,romancier)中,证明了在《似水
年华》草稿中普鲁斯特的潜意识那些自发的且看若不规则的联结的重要性。随着各种事件和
思绪发生在普鲁斯特身上,他连续不断地将新的段落插入进去,改变并扩展其叙事结构。但
他发现难以控制其灵感的飘忽不定。各种有意义的联系在所有的层次上,自抽象的理性至深
刻的梦幻般的情感,层出不穷并不断重新组合排列;正是这些有意义的联系的丰富性和复杂
性,致使普鲁斯特难于将它们错落有致地安排好。只有当他明白如何将其小说的开头和结尾
联系起来,才开始有了某种控制感。
普鲁斯特声称,他是在同一时候“开始并结束”了《追忆似水年华》。在这一断言的吸
引下,亨利•博内(Henri Bonnet)揭示出,小说最后一卷的某些章节确实始于1
909年。早在那一年,普鲁斯特早已草拟好了对那些年近迟暮的人物的描绘,这些人物则会
出现在《追忆似水年华》的最后一卷中,而在该卷中,艺术之永恒被用以抗衡时间的蹂躏。
致瓦莱特的信函,论文与小说的草稿,以及博内的研究,以一种宽泛的轮廊勾勒出了普鲁斯
特的创作过程,揭示出他是如何从其论文的废墟上创作出其小说的。但我们当中的某些人,
与科尔布(Kolb)一起,期望科尔布新近出版的普鲁斯特1909年通信全集能够更为详尽地记
载这一过程,结果是大失所望。这是因为,只有普鲁斯特信心十足地觉得他已最终为《追忆
似水年华》寻找到一个可行的结构之后,他才开始告知与其保持书信往来的人,说他正在创
作一部比《驳圣伯夫》更为雄心勃勃的作品。
FREQUENT:
contain
restore
sever
visit rarely
defend eagerly
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
常去 v.(频繁的 adj.)
A.包含
B. 恢复
C. 切开,切割
D. 很少光顾
E. 迫切的保卫或辩护
COMPOUND:
reveal
concentrate
activate
conserve
separate
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
混合 v.(化合物 n.)
A.揭露,揭示
B. 专心,集中(浓缩)
C. 激励,使活跃
D. 保存
E. 分开
CRASS:
demanding
florid
refined
intrepid
fair
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
粗糙的 adj.(愚钝的 adj.)
A.要求高的,苛刻的(费力的)
B. 华丽的(脸色红润的)
C. 精炼的(文雅的)
D. 无畏的
E. 公平的(展览会,集市 n.)
PLASTICITY:
tightness
contiguity
stasis
rigidity
order
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
可塑性,柔顺性 n.
A.紧(严格)
B. 邻近
C. 停滞,静态
D. 僵硬(严格)
E. 命令,秩序,定单
CONVOKE:
forgive
eradicate
adjourn
omit
abridge
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
召集,召开会议 v.
A.宽恕,原谅
B. 根除,灭绝
C. 休会,中止
D. 省略,疏忽,遗漏
E. 节略,缩短
COMMODIOUS:
calm
careless
reticent
enclosed
cramped
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
宽敞的 adj.
A.平静的,镇静的
B. 粗心大意的
C. 有保留的,沉默的
D. 被包围的
E. 拥挤的,狭窄的
CORROBORATE:
complicate
controvert
conflate
condone
counterfeit
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
支持,证实 v.
A.使复杂化
B. 反对,否认,反驳
C. 合并
D. 原谅,宽恕
E. 伪造(伪造物 n.)
MACULATED:
unobserved
unfocused
unplanned
unfeigned
unspotted
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
有斑点的,弄脏的
A.没被注意到的(没被遵守的)
B. 未被聚焦的
C. 没有计划好
D. 真实的,真诚的
E. 没有斑点的,清白的
ESOTERIC:
unsophisticated
worthless
lasting
generally known
well expressed
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
秘传的,神秘的 adj.
A.自然的,纯真的(不复杂的)
B. 无价值的,不足道的
C. 长久的
D. 众所周知的
E. 被很好表达的
FRUSTRATE:
expand
enjoy
nullify
abet
prepare
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
挫败,阻挠,使沮丧 v.
A.扩大,延伸;详述 (on)
B. 喜欢,享受
C. 取消,使无效
D. 煽动,助长,唆使
E. 准备
ASPERSIONS:
qualms
apologies
rewards
vexation
flattery
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
诽谤,中伤(n.)
A.不安,疑惧
B. 道歉,(为信仰等辩护)
C. 回报
D. 苦恼,烦恼
E. 恭维,奉承e
Because no comprehensive____exist regarding personal reading practices, we do no
t know, for example, the greatest number of books read in an individual lifetime
.
records
instincts
remedies
proposals
commercials
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
comprehensive: a.广泛的,无所不包的,综合的
regarding: prep.关于,至于,就…而论,在…方面
instinct: n.1.本能,天性 2.直觉 3.天资
remedy: n.1.治疗,疗法 2.补救措施
commercial: n.1.商业广告 2.宣传,吹嘘
由于有关个人阅读行为没有任何全面的记载,因此,我们就无法弄清楚,譬如,某人一生中
所阅读的书籍的总量。
In our corporation there is a____between male and female____because 73 percent o
f the men and 34 percent of the women polled believe that our company provides e
qual compensation to men and women.
contrast.. stereotypes
difference.. perceptions
variation.. salaries
resemblance.. employees
similarity.. aspirations
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
poll: v.对…进行民意测验
compensation: n.1.补偿,赔偿 2.工资,报酬
stereotype: n.1.铅版(印刷) 2.陈规,老套,刻板模式
perception: n.1.感知,知觉 2.认识,观念
resemblance: n.1.相似,形似 2.摹本,肖像
aspiration: n.强烈的愿望,志向,抱负
在我们的公司内,在男女的看法之间不无差异,因为在接受民意测验的人中,有73%的男性
和34%的女性相信,我们公司对男女雇员实施同工同酬。
The wonder of De Quincey is that although opium dominated his life, it never____
him; indeed, he turned its use to____when he published the story of its influenc
e in the London Magazine.
overcame.. altruism
intimidated.. triumph
distressed.. pleasure
conquered.. gain
released.. necessity
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
opium: n.鸦片
dominate: v.支配,统治,控制,施加决定性影响于…
overcome: v.1.战胜,征服,制服 2.克服,压倒
altruism: 利他主义,无私,自我牺牲
intimidate: v.恫吓,恐吓,威胁
triumph: n.1.胜利,得胜 2.非凡的成功,杰出的成就 3.喜悦,狂喜
distress: v.1.使痛苦,使悲伤,折磨,使忧虑 2.使筋疲力尽,使紧张,使疼痛
gain: n.获取的财富,收益,利润
德•昆西的了不起之处在于,尽管鸦片支配着他的生活,但它从不曾征服过他;
事实上,当他在《伦敦杂志》上发表一篇有关鸦片之影响的故事时,他将鸦片的使用转变为
一种裨益。
The reduction of noise has been____in terms of____its sources, but the alternati
ve of canceling noise out by adding sound with the opposite wave pattern may be
more useful in practice.
justified.. diffusing
accomplished.. tracking
conceived.. concealing
explained.. isolating
approached.. eliminating
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
in terms of: prep.1.用…的话,用…的字眼(或措辞)
2.根据,按照,在…方面,从…方面(说来)
alternative: n.1.两者择一,取舍,抉择 2.供选择的东西,供替代的抉择
justify: v.1.证明…正当,辩明,作为…的正当理由 2.证明…无罪,开释
diffuse: v.1.扩散,弥漫 2.传播,普及
track: v.跟踪,追踪
conceive: v.1.构想出,设想 2.怀有,体验到 3.认为 4.表达 5.懂得,理解
6.怀(胎) 7.创立
isolate: v.使隔离,使孤立
approach: v.(着手)处理,(开始)对付,对待,(着手)探讨
eliminate: v.1.排除,消除 2.(比赛中)淘汰 3.不予考虑
减少噪音可以通过消除实施源来着手进行,但另一种途径,即通过加入波型相反的声音来达
到取消噪音的目的,可能在实践上更为有用。
While Parker is very outspoken on issues she cares about, she is not____; she co
ncedes the____of opposing arguments when they exposeweaknesses inherent in her o
wn.
fickle.. validity
arrogant.. restraint
fanatical.. strength
congenial.. incompatibility
unyielding.. speciousness
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
outspoken: a.直言的,坦率的,毫无保留地表示的
concede: v.(退一步)承认,让与
inherent in: a.内在的,固有的,生来就有的
fickle: a.(在感情方面)易变的,无常的
validity: n.1.正当,正确,确实 2.有效(性),合法性
arrogant: a.傲慢的,自大的
restraint: n.1.抑制,遏制,克制 2.控制,限制,约束,阻止,禁运
3.困厄因素 4.管押,监禁
fanatical: a.狂热的,盲信的,入迷的,盲目热衷的
strength: n.强点,长处,优点
congenial: a.1.同族的,同类的 2.性情相似的,志趣相投的 3.相宜的,惬意的
incompatibility: n.不相容性,不一致性,无法共存
unyielding: a.1.不易弯曲的,坚挺的 2.不屈从的,坚定的,顽强的,顽固的
speciousness: n.1.华而不实,外表美观 2.似是而非,貌似有理
尽管帕克在那些她所关注的问题上表现得甚为率直,但她并非偏执盲信;对于对立观点中的
优点,她照样会予以承认,只要这些观点能揭示出她自身观点中所固有的缺陷。
Hampshire's assertions, far from showing that we can____the ancient puzzles abou
t objectivity, reveal the issue to be even more____than we had thought.
adapt.. pressing
dismiss.. relevant
rediscover.. unconventional
admire.. elusive
appreciate.. interesting
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
assertion: n.断言,主张
objectivity: n.1.客观 2.客观现实
pressing: a.1.紧迫的,迫切的 2.热切的,坚持的
dismiss: v.1.让…离开,把…打发走,解散,遣散 2.解雇,免…的职,开除
3.摈弃,抛弃,不予考虑
unconventional: a.不依惯例的,非常规的,不符习俗的,异常的
elusive: a.1.躲避的 2.难以表达(或理解)的,令人困惑的
汉普希尔的论点表明,我们远不能摈弃由久以来的客观性之谜,相反,这些论点揭示出,这
一问题比我们先前所想象的要来得甚至更为密切相关。
Usually the first to spot data that were inconsistent with other findings, in th
is particular experiments she let a number of____results slip by.
inaccurate
verifiable
redundant
salient
anomalous
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
spot: v.认出,发现,准确地定出…的位置
slip(by): v.滑过,被忽略
verifiable: a.可证实的,可检验的,可考据核实的
redundant: a.多余的,过剩的,累赘的,冗长的
salient: a.突出的,显著的
anomalous: a.1.反常,异常的,不规则的,例外的 2.不协调的,不一致的,不恰当的
一般而言,她总是第一个去发现那些与其他结论不相符合的数据,但在这次特定的实验中她
却让一系列不相协调一致的结果从她眼皮底下溜走了。
TORNADO: AIR::
whirlpool: water
sinkhole: ground
forest: fire
gusher: oil
thunderbolt: lightning
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
龙卷风:空气,气流
漩涡:水
阴沟口:地面
森林:火
喷油井:原油
霹雳:闪电
SINGER: CHOIR::
flower: bouquet
leaf: forest
flute: reed
line: sculpture
rhythm: time
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
歌手:合唱团
花朵:花束
树叶:森林
长笛:芦笛
线条:雕塑
节奏:时间
PIGMENT: COLOR::
sizing: fabric
spice: flavor
steel: alloy
fertilizer: soil
rock: energy
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
颜料,色料:颜色
上浆(胶料,填料):织物
调味品:味道
钢:合金
肥料:土壤
岩石:能量
LABYRINTH: TORTUOUS::
ornament: decorative
editorial: refutable
portrait: accurate
poster: startling
pageant: retrospective
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(A)
迷宫:弯弯曲曲的
装饰(装饰品):装饰的
社论:可驳诉的
肖像(刻画 v.):精确
招贴,广告:令人震惊的
壮观的游行(露天表演):回顾的
PRATE: SPEAK::
digress: conclude
probe: examine
soar: travel
wheedle: coax
saunter: walk
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
瞎扯,空谈:说
离题:作结论
探索,探测:检查
高飞翱翔:旅行
用甜言蜜语引诱:用好话劝诱,哄
闲逛,闲荡:走
PERTURB: SERENITY::
caress: affection
protect: security
harangue: bombast
annoy: consideration
reassure: doubt
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
扰乱,使不安:宁静,安宁
爱抚:爱
保护:安全(担保 pl.证券)
长篇演说,高谈阔论:夸大其辞的话
苦恼:考虑
使安心(再保险):疑问
FURTIVE: STEALTH::
loquacious: intelligence
immoral: contrition
pontifical: reverence
whimsical: caprice
arduous: endurance
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
偷偷摸摸的:偷窃
多话的:智力
不道德的:悔罪,悔恨
傲慢武断的:尊敬
古怪的,反复无常的:怪想(任性,反复无常)
费力的,艰巨的:忍受力,耐久力
TENDER: ACCEPTANCE::
publish: wisdom
exhibit: inspection
scrutinize: foresight
authorize: approval
declare: observation
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
提出:接受
出版:智慧
展示,展览:参观,视察(检验)
精读,细查:先见,深谋远虑
授权,批准:同意
宣称:观察
PLUTOCRACY: WEALTH::
democracy: freedom
aristocracy: land
gerontocracy: age
technocracy: ability
autocracy: birth
――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(C)
财阀统治(财阀):财富
民主:自由
贵族统治:土地
专人统治:年龄
技术统治:能力
独裁统治:出生
Traditional research has confronted
only Mexican and United States interpret-
ations of Mexican-American culture. Now
we must also examine the culture as we
(5) Mexican Americans have experienced it,
passing from a sovereign people to
compatriots with newly arriving settlers
to, finally, a conquered people―a
charter minority on our own land.
(10) When the Spanish first came to Mexico,
they intermarried with and absorbed the
culture of the indigenous Indians. This
policy of colonization through
acculturation was continued when Mexico
(15) acquired Texas in the early 1800's and
brought the indigenous Indians into
Mexican life and government. In the
1820's, United States citizens migrated
to Texas, attracted by land suitable for
(20) cotton. As their numbers became more
substantial, their policy of acquiring
land by subduing native populations
began to dominate. The two ideologies
clashed repeatedly, culminating in a
(25) military conflict that led to victory
for the United States. Thus, suddenly
deprived of our parent culture, we had
to evolve uniquely Mexican-American
modes of thought and action in order to
(30) survive.
对于“墨西哥―美国”文化,传统研究所面对的仅仅是墨西哥式的和美国式的解释。现
在,我们也必须按照我们这些美籍墨西哥人所经历的方式来审视这一文化。我们对这一文化
的体验是,从一个拥有独立主权的民族转而成为那些新近抵达的殖民者的同胞,最后沦为一
个被征服的民族――一个在我们自己的土地上被特许存在的少数民族(charter minority)
。
当西班牙人最初来到墨西哥时,他们与土著印地安人实行内部通婚,从而吸收了这些土
著印地安人的文化。这种通过文化适应(acculturation)来进行的殖民政策在墨西哥于十
九世纪初期兼并了得克萨斯(Texas)的时候仍得以继续,从而将土著印第安人纳入到墨西
哥式的生活和政府管理中来。十九世纪二十年代,美国公民在大片宜于种植棉花的土地的诱
惑下移居到得克萨斯。随着他们的数量日趋众多,他们那种通过征服当地居民获取土地的政
策开始占据上风。两种意识形态一次又一次地发生抵触,终于导致一场军事冲突,以美国的
胜利而结终。因此,由于突然被剥夺了我们的渊源文化,我们不得不逐渐演化出一整套独特
的美藉墨西哥人式的思维和行为方式,唯有这样我们才能生存下来。
This passage was adapted from an
article published in 1982.
Until about five years ago, the very
idea that peptide hormones might be
(5) made anywhere in the brain besides the
hypothalamus was astounding. Peptide
hormones, scientists thought, were
made by endocrine glands and the
hypothalamus was thought to be the
(10) brains' only endocrine gland. What is
more, because peptide hormones cannot
cross the blood-brain barrier,researchers
believed that they never got to any part
of the brain other than the hypothalamus,
(15) where they were simply produced and
then released into the bloodstream.
But these beliefs about peptide
hormones were questioned as laboratory
after laboratory found that antiserums
(20) to peptide hormones, when injected into
the brain, bind in places other than
the hypothalamus, indicating that
either the hormones or substances that
cross-react with the antiserums are
(25) present. The immunological method of
detecting peptide hormones by means
of antiserums, however, is imprecise.
Cross-reactions are possible and this
method cannot determine whether the
(30) substances detected by the antiserums
really are the hormones, or merely
close relatives. Furthermore, this
method cannot be used to determined
the location in the body where the
(35) detected substances are actually
produced.
New techniques of molecular biology,
however, provide a way to answer these
questions. It is possible to make
(40) specific complementary DNA's (cDNA's)
that can serve as molecular probes to
seek out the messenger RNA's (mRNA's)
of the peptide hormones. If brain cells
are making the hormones, the cells will
(45) contain these Mrna'S. If the products
the brain cells make resemble the
hormones but are not identical to them,
then the cDNA's should still bind to
these mRNA's, but should not bind as
(50) tightly as they would to mRNA's for the
true hormones. The cells containing
these mRNA's can then be isolated and
their mRNA's decoded to determine just
what their protein products are and
(55) how closely the products resemble the
true peptide hormones.
The molecular approach to detecting
peptide hormones using cDNA probes
should also be much faster than the
(60) immunological method because it can
take years of tedious purifications
to isolate peptide hormones and then
develop antiserums to them. Roberts,
expressing the sentiment of many
(65) researchers, states: "I was trained
as an endocrinologist. But it became
clear to me that the field of
endocrinology needed molecular biology
input. The process of grinding out
(70) protein purifications is just too slow."
If, as the initial tests with cDNA
probes suggest, peptide hormones really
are made in the brain in areas other
than the hypothalamus, a theory must be
(75) developed that explains their function
in the brain. Some have suggested that
the hormones are all growth regulators,
but Rosen's work on rat brains indicates
that this cannot be true. A number of
(80) other researchers propose that they
might be used for intercellular
communication in the brain.
大概就在五年之前,肽激素(peptide hormone)或许能在大脑内的下丘脑(hypothala
mus)以外的任何地方得以制造出来,这一想法本身足以令人惊愕不已。科学家们认为,肽
激素是由内分泌腺(endocrine gland)制造出来的,而下丘脑则被认为是大脑中唯一的内
分泌腺。此外,由于肽激素无法穿越血脑屏障(blood-brain barrier),研究者们相信,
它们从不曾到达过下丘脑以外的大脑的任何部位。这些肽激素仅仅是在下丘脑内被制造出来
,然后被释放入血流中。
然则,有关肽激素的这些信念已遭到人们的质疑,随着一个接一个的实验室发现,针对
肽激素的抗血清(antiserum),一旦被注射入大脑,就会在下丘脑以外的其它地方粘结起
来,从而表明要么是肽激素本身,要么是和抗血清发生交叉反应的物质在此存在。但是,通
过抗血清的手段来测定肽激素的这种免疫学方法(immunological method)有失精确。交叉
反应有可能发生,故这一方法无法确定由抗血清测得的物质究竟是真正的肽激素,或仅仅只
是其近似的亲缘物(relative)?另外,这一方法无法被用来确定所测定的物质究竟是在人
体的哪个部位被际制造出来的。
然而,分子生物学(molecular biology)的新技术足以提供一个方法来解答这些问题
。科学家可以制造出特异的(specific)互补DNA's(cDNA's),以此作为分子探子(molec
ular probe),探觅出肽激素的信使RNA's(mRNA's)。如果大脑正在制造着肽激素,则细
胞就会含有这些信使RNA's。假若细胞所制造的产品类似于肽激素但并非与这些肽激素全然
相同,那么,互补cDNA's应仍然和这些信使mDNA's粘结的程度。含有这些mRNA's的脑细胞然
后就可以被分离开来,研究者可对其信使RNA's进行解码,以确定它们的蛋白质产品究竟是
什么,并确定这些蛋白质产品在何种程度上类似于真正的肽激素。
采用cDNA探子来测定肽激素的这一分子生物学方法同时也应该比免疫学的方法速度来
得快,因为对于免疫的方法来说,需耗费好几年枯燥的提纯进程,方能将肽素分离了出来,
然后再培养出针对它们的抗血清。罗伯茨(Roberts)的一席话充分表述了许多研究者的心
声:“我是作为一个内分泌学家接受训练的。但情况对我来说清楚得很,内分泌学这一领域
需要分子生物学的输入,靠碾磨来制造出蛋白质纯化物的过程实在是太缓慢了。”
假若正如对cDNA探子所作的最初测试所表明的那样,肽激素真的是在大脑中下丘脑以外
的别处被制造出来的话,那么就必须建立一种理论,以解释它们在大脑中的功能。某些研究
者提出,肽激素均是生长调节剂(growth regulator),但罗森(Rosen)对老鼠的大脑所
作的研究表明并非如此。其它许多研究者指出,它们或许是被用于大脑内细胞与细胞之间的
信息传输。
ORIENT:
hasten
defile
menace
confuse
decline
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(D)
Question
定方向 v.(东方 n.)
A.促进,催促
B. 弄脏,玷污(山间狭路 n.)
C. 威胁
D. 迷失,糊涂
E. 下降
UNIMPEACHABLE:
irritable
preventable
unused to conflict
open to question
available for discussion
――――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(D)
Question
无可指责的 adj.
A.易被激怒的
B. 可以预防的
C. 不习惯冲突
D. 易受质疑的
E. 能够用作讨论
MEANDER:
change permanently
believe strongly
behave appropriately
move purposively
handle firmly
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(D)
Question
漫步 v.(蜿蜒 v.)
A.永久的,改变
B. 坚信
C. 得体的表现
D. 有目的走动
E. 坚定的处理
EXPEND:
proceed toward
take away
place upon
hold to
store up
――――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(E)
Question
花销,花费 v.
A.向…前进
B. 拿走
C. 放置于…之上
D. 坚持
E. 储蓄
SEAMY:
decent and respectable
jagged and irregular
strict and authoritarian
ornate and adorned
subtle and dangerous
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(A)
Question
阴暗的,丑陋的 adj.(裂缝的 adj.):
A.体面而值得尊敬的
B.参差不齐而不规则的
C.严格而极权主义的
D.装饰,修饰的
E.狡猾,阴险而危险的
LUCID:
unrecognized
limited
murky
improbably
inconsistent
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(C)
Question
清晰的 adj.
A.没有被认出来的
B.有限的
C.含糊的,暖昧的(阴暗的)
D.不可能的
E.不一致的
LASSITUDE:
a fear of discovery
a feeling of vigor
a twinge of embarrassment
a want of seriousness
a sense of superiority
――――――――――――――――――――――
答案:(B)
Question
疲倦,无精打彩 (n.)
A.害怕发现
B.精力充沛的感觉
C.窘迫的刺痛
D.对严肃的缺乏
E.优越感
HALLMARK:
grave defect
valueless object
unfortunate incident
uncharacteristic feature
untimely event
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(D)
Question
标志,特点 n.(质量证明n.)
A.严重的缺陷,不足
B.没有价值的东西
C.不幸的事件
D.特征的缺乏
E.不合时宜的事件
DIATRIBE:
sermon
discourse
eulogy
lecture
oration
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(C)
Question
指责,猛烈抨击n.
A.布道
B.演说(论文)
C.赞美(辞)
D.演讲
E.演说
SEDULITY:
lack of industriousness
abundance of supporters
contradiction of doctrine
rejection of analysis
depletion of resources
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(A)
Question
勤勉 n.(聚精会神 n.)
A.勤勉的缺乏
B.支持者的众多
C.教条的矛盾
D.对分析的拒绝,抵制
E.资源的耗尽
APPOSITE:
malevolent
implicit
disorganized
avoidable
irrelevant
――――――――――――――――――――――答案:(E)
Question
适当的,恰切的 adj.
A.恶意的,恶毒的
B.暗含的,暗指的
C.被打乱,被瓦解
D.可以避免的
E.无关的(不重要的)
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
春色三分,二分尘土,一分流水,细看来,不是扬花,点点是,离人泪……
十年生死两茫茫,不思量,自难忘……
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